There was only one truly hard problem of consciousness, Chalmers said.

Now onto the hard problem of consciousness: The easy problem concerns itself with how do specific brain areas and proceses accompany specific conscious states. The simplest way to express this is: “Why is some, but not all, neural activity in your brain correlated with particular conscious experiences, rather than some other type of experience, or none at I introduced the hard problem as an explanatory problem – the problem of explaining how consciousness arises. Others may seem less tractable, especially the so-called “hard problem” (Chalmers 1995) which is more or less that of giving an intelligible account that lets us see in an intuitively satisfying way how phenomenal or “what it's like” consciousness might arise from physical or neural processes in the brain. This article applies the free energy principle to the hard problem of consciousness. "The hard problem of consciousness is the problem of explaining why any physical state is conscious rather than nonconscious. After clarifying some philosophical issues concerning functionalism, it identifies the elemental form of consciousness as affect and locates its physiological mechanism (an extended form of homeostasis) in the upper brainstem. I think that the idea of a hard problem of consciousness arises from a category mistake. I’ll explain the problem in two ways…. The hard problem is explaining why those physical processes would … In this episode, we discuss and explore the hard problem of (talking about) consciousness, or as Thomas Nagel puts it - "what is it like to be a bat?" The hard problem of matter arises for any structural description of reality no matter how clear and intuitive at the structural level. Many say that in a few years it will turn out that consciousness is just another emergent phenomenon, “like traffic jams or hurricanes or life, and we’ll figure it out.” How is any experience, anywhere in the universe, possible?
The reason that humans are having such a hard time understanding consciousness is that it’s an illusion, and the thing that’s trying to understand it is the illusion itself. “I had no idea this whole ‘hard problem’ thing would blow up the way it did.” Chalmers has never claimed to be the first person to point out that consciousness is a special kind of problem. The hard problem of consciousness is the problem of explaining how and why sentient organisms have qualia or phenomenal experiences—how and why it is that some internal states are felt states, such as heat or pain, rather than unfelt states, as in a thermostat or a toaster. Our efforts to solve the hard problem of consciousness will require significant scientific progress and a paradigm shift in what we consider an acceptable answer to this philosophical puzzle. The ‘hard problem of consciousness’ (HPC) as originally stated by David Chalmers in The Conscious Mind (1996) is the problem of explaining how experience is possible. 4.4 Physicalism and the hard problem. But it can also be presented as a metaphysical problem – the problem of saying what kind of phenomenon consciousness is, and, more specifically, whether it is a physical one. The hard problem, by contrast, may never be solved. Specifically, the hard problem is determining why or how consciousness occurs given the right arrangement of brain matter. In his book The Conscious Mind, consciousness researcher David Chalmers distinguishes between what he calls the “easy problems” of consciousness and the “hard problem… The problem, variously phrased, can be stated this way: in a universe that is so obviously full of things that are objectively observable, how is it possible for there to be a purely subjective, first person experience that only I can experience directly?. The Hard Problem The Australian philosopher David Chalmers has called consciousness the ‘hard problem’. What is ‘hard’, claims the man of the p-zombies, is to account for phenomenal experience, or what philosophers usually call ‘qualia’: the ‘what is it like’, first-person quality of consciousness.

It is the problem of explaining why there is “something it is like” for a subject in conscious experience, why conscious mental states “light up” and directly appear to the subject.
The hard problem of consciousness is the problem of explaining how and why sentient organisms have qualia or phenomenal experiences—how and why it is that some internal states are felt states, such as heat or pain, rather … ()] and read sections 2 and 3 (‘The Easy Problems and the Hard Problem’ and ‘Functional Explanation’). Follow the link to David Chalmers' article ‘ Facing Up to the Problem of Consciousness [Tip: hold Ctrl and click a link to open it in a new tab. The ‘hard’ problem is to understand why and how any of this should be associated with consciousness at all: why aren’t we just robots, or philosophical zombies, without any inner universe? There's no hard problem of consciousness for the same reason there's no hard problem of life: consciousness is just a high-level word that we use to refer to lots of detailed processes, and it doesn't mean anything in addition to The hard problem is why is it that all that processing should be accompanied by this movie at all.


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